Android浼樺寲，

Android浼樺寲，

I. 缃戠粶鐩稿叧

鏇村缃戠粶浼樺寲锛屽彲鍙傝€?聽Android缃戠粶

• http澶翠俊鎭甫Cache-Control鍩?纭畾缂撳瓨杩囨湡鏃堕棿 闃叉閲嶅璇锋眰
• 鐩存帴鐢↖P鐩磋繛锛屼笉鐢ㄥ煙鍚嶏紝绛栫暐鎬ц窡鏂版湰鍦癐P鍒楄〃銆?鈥?DNS瑙ｆ瀽杩囩▼鑰楁椂鍦ㄧ櫨姣宸﹀彸锛屽苟涓旇繕鏈夊彲鑳藉瓨鍦―NS鍔寔銆?/li>
• 鍥剧墖銆丣S銆丆SS绛夐潤鎬佽祫婧愶紝閲囩敤CDN锛堝綋鐒跺鏋滄槸浣跨敤7鐗涗箣绫荤殑鏈嶅姟灏卞凡缁忕粰浣犳惌寤哄竷缃ソ浜嗭級
• 鍏ㄥ眬鍥剧墖澶勭悊閲囩敤婕忔枟妯″瀷鍏ㄥ眬绠℃帶锛屾墍璇锋眰鐨勫浘鐗囧ぇ灏忔渶濂戒緷鐓т笟鍔″ぇ灏忔彁渚?鏈€澶т笉瓒呰繃灞忓箷鍒嗚鲸鐜囬渶瑕侊紝濡傛灉璇锋眰鍘熷浘锛屼篃涓嶈瓒呰繃GL10.GL_MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE
• 鍏ㄥ眬缂╃暐鍥剧洿鎺ラ噰鐢╳ebp锛屽湪灏藉彲鑳戒笉鎹熷け鍥剧墖璐ㄩ噺鐨勫墠鎻愪笅锛屽浘鐗囧ぇ灏忎笌png姣旂缉灏?0% ~ 70%
• 濡傛灉鍒楄〃閲岀殑缂╃暐鍥炬湇鍔″櫒澶勭悊濂界殑灏忓浘锛屽彲浠ヨ€冭檻鐩存帴鍦ㄥ垪琛ㄦ暟鎹姹備腑锛岀洿鎺ヤ互base64鍦ㄥ垪琛ㄦ暟鎹腑鐩存帴甯︿笂鍥剧墖锛堝浗鍐呰繕姣旇緝灏戯紝娴峰鏈変簺杩欑鍋氭硶锛屽ソ鍍弚eb绔瘮杈冨父瑙侊級
• 杞鎴栬€卻ocket蹇冭烦閲囩敤绯荤粺AlarmManager鎻愪緵鐨勯椆閽熸湇鍔℃潵鍋氾紝淇濊瘉鍦ㄧ郴缁熶紤鐪犵殑鏃跺€檆pu鍙互寰楀埌浼戠湢锛屽湪闇€瑕佸敜閱掓椂鍙互鍞ら啋锛堟寔鏈塩pu鍞ら啋閿侊級
• 鍙互閫氳繃灏嗛浂鏁ｇ殑缃戣矾鐨勮姹傛墦鍖呰繘琛屼竴娆℃搷浣滐紝閬垮厤杩囧鐨勬棤绾夸俊鍙峰紩璧风數閲忔秷鑰椼€?/li>

1. 浼犺緭鏁版嵁鏍煎紡閫夋嫨

• 濡傛灉鏄渶瑕佸叏閲忔暟鎹殑锛岃€冭檻浣跨敤Protobuffers聽(搴忓垪鍖栧弽搴忓垪鍖栨€ц兘楂樹簬json)锛屽苟涓旇€冭檻浣跨敤nano protocol buffer銆?/li>
• 濡傛灉浼犺緭鍥炴潵鐨勬暟鎹笉闇€瑕佸叏閲忚鍙栵紝鑰冭檻浣跨敤Flatbuffers聽(搴忓垪鍖栧弽搴忓垪鍖栧嚑涔庝笉鑰楁椂锛岃€楁椂鏄湪璇诲彇瀵硅薄鏃?灏辫繖涓€閮ㄥ垎濡傛灉闇€瑕佷紭鍖栵紝鍙互鍙傜湅Flatbuffer Use Optimize

II. 鍩虹鐩稿叧

1. 鏁版嵁缁撴瀯

濡傛灉宸茬煡澶ф闇€瑕佸澶э紝灏辩洿鎺ョ粰鍒濆澶у皬锛屽噺灏戞墿瀹规椂棰濆寮€閿€銆?/p>

• ArrayList: 閲岄潰灏变竴鏁扮粍锛屽唴瀛樺皬锛屾湁搴忓彇鍊煎揩锛屾墿瀹规晥鐜囦綆
• LinkedList: 閲岄潰灏变竴鍙屽悜閾捐〃锛屽唴瀛樺ぇ锛岄殢鏈烘彃鍏ュ垹闄ゅ揩锛屾墿瀹规晥鐜囬珮銆?/li>
• HashSet: 閲岄潰灏变竴涓?code>HashMap锛岀敤key瀵瑰瀛樺偍锛岀洰鐨勫氨鏄笉鍏佽閲嶅鍏冪礌銆?/li>
• ConcurrentHashMap: 绾跨▼瀹夊叏锛岄噰鐢ㄧ粏鍒嗛攣锛岄攣棰楃矑鏇村皬锛屽苟鍙戞€ц兘鏇翠紭
• Collections.synchronizedMap: 绾跨▼瀹夊叏锛岄噰鐢ㄥ綋鍓嶅璞′綔涓洪攣锛岄绮掕緝澶э紝骞跺彂鎬ц兘杈冨樊銆?/li>
• SparseArray銆?code>SparseBooleanArray銆?code>SparseIntArray: 閽堝Key涓?code>Int銆?code>Boolean杩涜浜嗕紭鍖栵紝閲囩敤浜屽垎娉曟煡鎵撅紝绠€鍗曟暟缁勫瓨鍌ㄣ€傜浉姣?code>HashMap鑰岃█锛?code>HashMap姣忔坊鍔犱竴涓暟鎹紝澶х害浼氶渶瑕佺敵璇烽澶栫殑32瀛楄妭鐨勬暟鎹紝鍥犳Sparsexxx鍦ㄥ唴瀛樻柟闈㈢殑寮€閿€浼氬皬寰堝銆?/li>

2. 缂栫爜涔犳儻

• 灏介噺绠€鍖栵紝涓嶈鍋氫笉闇€瑕佺殑鎿嶄綔銆?/li>
• 灏介噺閬垮厤鍒嗛厤鍐呭瓨(鍒涘缓瀵硅薄): 1) 濡傛灉涓€涓柟娉曡繑鍥炰竴涓?code>String锛屽苟涓旇繖涓柟娉曠殑杩斿洖鍊煎缁堥兘鏄鐢ㄦ潵append鍒颁竴涓?code>StringBuffer涓婏紝灏辨敼涓轰紶鍏?code>StringBuffer鐩存帴append涓婂幓锛岄伩鍏嶅垱寤轰竴涓煭鐢熷懡鍛ㄦ湡鐨勪复鏃跺璞★紱2) 濡傛灉浣跨敤鐨勫瓧绗︿覆鏄埅鍙栬嚜鏌愪竴涓瓧绗︿覆锛屽氨鐩存帴浠庨偅涓瓧绗︿覆涓婇潰substring锛屼笉瑕佹嫹璐濅竴浠斤紝鍥犱负閫氳繃substring铏界劧鍒涘缓浜嗘柊鐨?code>String瀵硅薄锛屼絾鏄叡浜簡閲岄潰鐨?code>char鏁扮粍涓殑char瀵硅薄锛屽噺灏戜簡杩欏潡瀵硅薄鐨勫垱寤猴紱閲忎娇鐢ㄥ涓竴缁存暟缁勶紝鍏舵€ц兘楂樹簬澶氱淮鏁扮粍锛?code>int鏁扮粍鎬ц兘杩滃ぇ浜?code>Integer鏁扮粍鎬ц兘锛?/li>
• 濡傛灉浣犵‘瀹氫笉闇€瑕佽闂被鎴愬憳锛岃鏂规硶static锛岃繖鏍疯皟鐢ㄦ椂鍙互鎻愬崌15%~20%鐨勯€熷害锛屽洜涓轰笉闇€瑕佸垏鎹㈠璞＄姸鎬併€?/li>
• 濡傛灉鏌愪釜鍙傛暟鏄父閲忥紝鍒繕浜嗕娇鐢?code>static final锛岃繖鏍峰彲浠ヨClass棣栨鍒濆鍖栨椂锛屼笉闇€瑕佽皟鐢?code><clinit>鏉ュ垱寤?code>static鏂规硶锛岃€屾槸鍦ㄧ紪璇戞椂灏辩洿鎺ュ皢甯搁噺鏇挎崲浠ｇ爜涓娇鐢ㄧ殑浣嶇疆銆?/li>
• Android寮€鍙戜腑锛岀被鍐呭敖閲忛伩鍏嶉€氳繃get/set璁块棶鎴愬憳鍙橀噺锛岃櫧鐒惰繖鍦ㄨ瑷€鐨勫紑鍙戜腑鏄竴涓ソ鐨勪範鎯紝浣嗘槸Android铏氭嫙鏈轰腑锛屽鏂规硶鐨勮皟鐢ㄥ紑閿€杩滃ぇ浜庡鍙橀噺鐨勭洿鎺ヨ闂€傚湪娌℃湁JIT鐨勬儏鍐典笅锛岀洿鎺ョ殑鍙橀噺璁块棶姣旇皟鐢ㄦ柟娉曞揩3鍊嶏紝鍦↗IT涓嬶紝鐩存帴鐨勫彉閲忚闂洿鏄瘮璋冪敤鏂规硶蹇?鍊?
• 褰撳唴閮ㄧ被闇€瑕佽闂閮ㄧ被鐨勭鏈?code>鏂规硶/鍙橀噺鏃讹紝鑰冭檻灏嗚繖浜涘閮ㄧ被鐨勭鏈?code>鏂规硶/鍙橀噺鏀圭敤鍖呭彲瑙佺殑鏂瑰紡銆傞鍏堝湪缂栧啓浠ｇ爜鐨勬椂鍊欙紝閫氳繃鍐呴儴绫昏闂閮ㄧ被鐨勭鏈?code>鏂规硶/鍙橀噺鏄悎娉曠殑锛屼絾鏄湪缂栬瘧鐨勬椂鍊欎负浜嗘弧瓒宠繖涓細灏嗛渶瑕佽鍐呴儴绫昏闂殑绉佹湁鏂规硶/鍙橀噺灏佽涓€灞傚寘鍙鐨勬柟娉曪紝瀹炵幇璁╁唴閮ㄧ被璁块棶杩欎簺绉佹湁鐨?code>鏂规硶/鍙橀噺锛屾牴鎹墠闈㈡垜浠湁鎻愬埌璇存柟娉曠殑璋冪敤寮€閿€澶т簬鍙橀噺鐨勮皟鐢紝鍥犳杩欐牱浣垮緱鎬ц兘鍙樺樊锛屾墍浠ユ垜浠湪缂栫爜鐨勬椂鍊欏彲浠ヨ€冭檻鐩存帴灏嗛渶瑕佽鍐呴儴绫昏皟鐢ㄧ殑澶栭儴绫荤鏈?code>鏂规硶/鍙橀噺锛屾敼涓哄寘鍙銆?/li>
• 灏介噺灏戜娇鐢?code>float銆傚湪寰堝鐜颁唬璁惧涓紝double鐨勬€ц兘涓?code>float鐨勬€ц兘鍑犱箮娌℃湁宸埆锛屼絾鏄粠澶у皬涓婇潰double鏄?code>float鐨勪袱鍊嶇殑澶у皬銆?/li>
• 灏介噺鑰冭檻浣跨敤鏁村瀷鑰岄潪娴偣鏁帮紝鍦ㄨ緝濂界殑Android璁惧涓紝娴偣鏁版瘮鏁村瀷鎱竴鍊嶃€?/li>
• 灏介噺涓嶈浣跨敤闄ゆ硶鎿嶄綔锛屾湁寰堝澶勭悊鍣ㄦ湁涔樻硶鍣紝浣嗘槸娌℃湁闄ゆ硶鍣紝涔熷氨鏄鍦ㄨ繖浜涜澶囦腑闇€瑕佸皢闄ゆ硶鍒嗚В涓哄叾浠栫殑璁＄畻鏂瑰紡閫熷害浼氭瘮杈冩參銆?/li>
• 灏介噺浣跨敤绯荤粺sdk涓彁渚涚殑鏂规硶锛岃€岄潪鑷繁鍘诲疄鐜般€傚String.indexOf()鐩稿叧鐨凙PI锛孌alvik灏嗕細鏇挎崲涓哄唴閮ㄦ柟娉曪紱System.arraycopy()鏂规硶鍦∟exus One鎵嬫満涓婏紝浼氭瘮鎴戜滑涓婂眰鍐欑殑绫讳技鏂规硶鐨勬墽琛岄€熷害蹇?鍊嶃€?/li>
• 璋ㄦ厧缂栧啓native锛屾€ц兘涓嶄竴瀹氭洿濂斤紝Native骞朵笉鏄敤浜庝娇寰楁€ц兘鏇村ソ锛岃€屾槸鐢ㄤ簬鏈変簺宸茬粡瀛樺湪鐨勫簱鏄娇鐢╪ative璇█瀹炵幇鐨勶紝鎴戜滑闇€瑕佸紩鍏ndroid锛岃繖鏃舵墠浣跨敤銆?) 闇€瑕佸鍑哄紑閿€鍦ㄧ淮鎸丣ava-native鐨勯€氫俊锛?) 鍦╪ative涓垱寤虹殑璧勬簮鐢变簬鍦╪ative heap涓婇潰锛屽洜姝ら渶瑕佷富鍔ㄧ殑閲婃斁锛?) 闇€瑕佸涓嶅悓鐨勫鐞嗗櫒鏋舵瀯杩涜鏀寔锛屽瓨鍦ㄦ槑鏄剧殑鍏煎鎬ч棶棰橀渶瑕佽В鍐炽€?/li>
• 鍦ㄦ病鏈塉IT鐨勮澶囦腑锛岄潰鍚戞帴鍙ｇ紪绋嬬殑妯″紡(濡?code>Map map)锛岀浉姣旂洿鎺ヨ闂璞＄被(濡?code>HashMap map)锛屼細鎱?%锛屼絾鏄湪瀛樺湪JIT鐨勮澶囦腑锛屼袱鑰呯殑閫熷害宸笉澶氥€備絾鏄唴瀛樺崰鐢ㄦ柟闈㈤潰鍚戞帴鍙ｅ彉鎴愪細娑堣€楁洿澶氬唴瀛橈紝鍥犳濡傛灉浣犵殑闈㈠悜鎺ュ彛缂栫▼涓嶆槸鍗佸垎鐨勫繀瑕佺殑鎯呭喌涓嬪彲浠ヨ€冭檻涓嶇敤銆?/li>
• 鍦ㄦ病鏈塉IT鐨勮澶囦腑锛岃闂湰鍦板寲鍙橀噺鐩稿涓庢垚鍛樺彉閲忎細蹇?0%锛屼絾鏄湪瀛樺湪JIT鐨勮澶囦腑锛屼袱鑰呴€熷害宸笉澶氥€?/li>

閬嶅巻浼樺寲

灏介噺浣跨敤Iterable鑰屼笉鏄€氳繃闀垮害鍒ゆ柇鏉ヨ繘琛岄亶鍘嗐€?/p>

// 杩欑鎬ц兘鏄渶宸殑锛孞IT涔熸棤娉曞鍏朵紭鍖栥€?
public void zero() {
    int sum = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < mArray.length; ++i) {
        sum += mArray[i].mSplat;
    }
}
// 鐩稿zero()鏉ヨ锛岃繖绉嶅啓娉曚細鏇村揩浜涳紝鍦ㄥ瓨鍦↗IT鐨勬儏鍐典笅閫熷害鍑犱箮鍜宼wo()閫熷害涓€鏍峰揩銆?
public void one() {
    int sum = 0;
    // 1) 閫氳繃鏈湴鍖栧彉閲忥紝鍑忓皯鏌ヨ锛屽湪涓嶅瓨鍦↗IT鐨勬墜鏈轰笅锛屼紭鍖栬緝鏄庢樉銆?
    Foo[] localArray = mArray;
    // 2) 鑾峰彇闃熷垪闀垮害锛屽噺灏戞瘡娆￠亶鍘嗚闂彉閲忕殑闀垮害锛屾湁鏁堜紭鍖栥€?
    int len = localArray.length;
    for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
        sum += localArray[i].mSplat;
    }
}
// 鍦ㄦ棤JIT鐨勮澶囦腑锛屾槸鏈€蹇殑閬嶅巻鏂瑰紡锛屽湪瀛樺湪JIT鐨勮澶囦腑锛屼笌one()宸笉澶氬揩銆?
public void two() {
    int sum = 0;
    for (Foo a : mArray) {
        sum += a.mSplat;
    }
}

鏃犳硶浣跨敤绱㈠紩鐨勬儏鍐?/h4>

• 鎿嶄綔绗?code>BETWEEN銆?code>LIKE銆?code>OR
• 琛ㄨ揪寮?/li>
• CASE WHEN

鎺ㄨ崘

• 澶氫娇鐢ㄦ暣鍨嬬储寮曪紝鏁堢巼杩滈珮浜庡瓧绗︿覆绱㈠紩
• 鎼滅储鏃朵娇鐢⊿QL鍙傛暟("?", parameter)浠ｆ浛瀛楃涓叉嫾鎺ワ紙搴曞眰鏈夌壒娈婁紭鍖栦笌缂撳瓨锛?/li>
• 鏌ヨ闇€瑕佸灏戝氨limit澶氬皯锛堝鍒ゆ柇鏄惁鍚湁鍟ワ紝灏眑imit 1灏辫浜嗗槢锛?/li>
• 濡傛灉鍑虹幇寰堝鐨勫垪(濡俠lob绫诲瀷)锛岃€冭檻鏀惧湪鍗曠嫭琛ㄤ腑(鍦ㄦ煡璇㈡垨鑰呮洿鏂板叾浠栧垪鏁版嵁鏃堕槻姝笉蹇呰鐨勫ぇ鏁版嵁i/o褰卞搷鎬ц兘)

IV. JNI鎶夋嫨

Android JVM鐩稿叧鐭ヨ瘑锛屽彲鍙傜湅:聽ART銆丏alvik

Android JNI銆丯DK鐩稿叧鐭ヨ瘑锛屽彲鍙傜湅:聽NDK

JNI涓嶄竴瀹氭樉寰楁洿蹇紝鏈変簺浼氭洿鎱€?/p>

鐗圭偣: 涓嶇敤鍦ㄨ櫄鎷熸満鐨勬瀛愪笅鍐欎唬鐮?/p>

• 鍙互璋冪敤鏇村簳灞傜殑楂樻€ц兘鐨勪唬鐮佸簱 鈥?Good
• 濡傛灉鏄疍alvik锛屽皢鐪佸幓浜嗙敱JIT缂栬瘧鏈熻浆涓烘湰鍦颁唬鐮佺殑杩欎釜姝ラ銆?鈥?Good
• Java璋冪敤JNI鐨勮€楁椂杈僇ava璋冪敤Java鑲畾鏇存參锛岃櫧鐒堕殢鐫€JDK鐗堟湰鐨勫崌绾э紝宸窛宸茬粡瓒婃潵瓒婂皬(JDK1.6鐗堟湰鏄?鍊岼ava璋冪敤Java鏂规硶鐨勮€楁椂) 鈥?Bad
• 鍐呭瓨涓嶅湪Java Heap锛屾病鏈塐OM椋庨櫓锛屾湁鏁堝噺灏慻c銆?鈥?Good

涓€浜涢噸瑕佺殑鍙傛暟涔嬬被锛屼篃鍙互鑰冭檻鏀惧湪Native灞傦紝淇濊瘉瀹夊叏鎬с€傚弬鑰?聽Android搴旂敤绋嬪簭閫氱敤鑷姩鑴卞３鏂规硶鐮旂┒

VI. UI灞傞潰

鐩稿叧娣卞叆浼樺寲锛屽彲鍙傜湅Android缁樺埗甯冨眬鐩稿叧

瀵逛簬鍗￠】鐩稿叧鎺掓煡鎺ㄨ崘鍙傜湅:聽Android鎬ц兘浼樺寲妗堜緥鐮旂┒(涓?涓?a href="http://www.wld5.com/4065.html" rel="external" target="_blank">Android鎬ц兘浼樺寲妗堜緥鐮旂┒锛堜笅锛?/a>

• 鍑忓皯涓嶅繀瑕佺殑涓嶉€忔槑鑳屾櫙鐩镐簰瑕嗙洊锛屽噺灏戦噸缁橈紝鍥犱负GPU涓嶅緱涓嶄竴閬嶅張涓€閬嶇殑鐢昏繖浜涘浘灞?/li>
• 淇濊瘉UI绾跨▼涓€娆″畬鏁寸殑缁樺埗(measure銆乴ayout銆乨raw)涓嶈秴杩?6ms(60Hz)锛屽惁鍒欏氨浼氬嚭鐜版帀甯э紝鍗￠】鐨勭幇璞?/li>
• 鍦║I绾跨▼涓绻佺殑璋冨害涓紝灏介噺灏戠殑瀵硅薄鍒涘缓锛屽噺灏慻c绛夈€?/li>
• 鍒嗘鍔犺浇锛堝噺灏戜换鍔￠绮掞級銆侀鍔犺浇銆佸紓姝ュ姞杞?鍖哄埆鍑鸿€楁椂浠诲姟锛岄噰鐢ㄥ紓姝ュ姞杞?

1. 鍝嶅簲寮忕紪绋?/h4>

RxJava聽(鍝嶅簲寮忕紪绋嬶紝浠ｇ爜鏇村姞绠€娲侊紝寮傛澶勭悊鏇村揩蹇嵎銆佸紓甯稿鐞嗘洿鍔犲交搴曘€佹暟鎹閬撶悊蹇?

鐩稿叧浜嗚В鍙互鍙傜湅:聽RxJava

2. 鍥剧墖鍔犺浇:

• 灏忓瀷蹇嵎:聽Picasso聽(鎺ュ彛骞插噣銆佹敮鎸乷khttp銆佸姛鑳藉己澶с€佺ǔ瀹氥€侀珮鏁? 鍙互寤惰:聽PhotoGallery銆乂olley銆丳icasso 姣旇緝)
• 澶ч」鐩€冭檻:聽Fresco聽(2.5M锛宲ipeline瑙ｅ喅璧勬簮绔炰簤銆丯ative Heep瑙ｅ喅OOM锛岀殑鍚屾椂鍑忓皯GC)

4. 缃戠粶鍩哄眰:

Retrofit: 闈炲父濂界敤鐨凴EST Client锛岀粨鍚圧xJava绠€鍗旳PI瀹炵幇銆佺被鍨嬪畨鍏紝绠€鍗曞揩鎹?/p>

5. 鏁版嵁搴撳眰:

Realm: 鏁堢巼鏋侀珮(Falcon Pro 3鐨勪綔鑰匤oaquim鐢ㄤ簡璇ュ簱浠ュ悗锛屾墍鏈夋暟鎹簱鎿嶄綔閮芥斁鍒颁簡UI绾跨▼)锛堝熀浜嶵ightDB锛屽簳灞侰++闂簮锛孞ava灞傚紑婧愶紝绠€鍗曚娇鐢紝鎬ц兘杩滈珮浜嶴QLite绛夛級

6. Crash涓婃姤:

Fabric: 鍏ㄩ潰鐨勪俊鎭?鏂扮増鏈繕鏀寔JNI Crash鑾峰彇鍜屼笂鎶?銆佺ǔ瀹氱殑鏁版嵁銆佸強鏃剁殑閫氱煡銆佸己澶х殑鍙嶆贩娣?鍏跺疄鍦ㄦ贩娣嗗悗鏈変笂浼爉apping)

Leakcanary Square鐨勪竴娆続ndroid/Java鍐呭瓨娉勬紡妫€娴嬪伐鍏?/a>)

8. 鍏朵粬

• 浠ｇ爜璐ㄩ噺:聽phabricator 鐨刟rc diff聽(灏介噺灏忛绮掑害鐨刟rc diff 涓巙pdate review)锛屽叾瀹炰篃鍙互鐪嬬湅Google鏄浣曞仛鐨?聽绗旇-璋锋瓕鏄浣曞仛浠ｇ爜瀹℃煡鐨?/a>锛岃繕鏈変竴鐐圭殑TODO瑕佸啓濂絛eadline涓巑aster
• 缂栧寘绠＄悊:聽Gitlab CI聽(缁撳悎Gitlab锛屽姛鑳藉鐢紝鏂逛究)

VIII. 鍐呭瓨

鏍规嵁璁惧鍙敤鍐呭瓨鐨勪笉鍚岋紝姣忎釜璁惧缁欏簲鐢ㄩ檺瀹氱殑Heap澶у皬鏄湁闄愮殑锛屽綋杈惧埌瀵瑰簲闄愬畾鍊艰繕鐢宠绌洪棿鏃讹紝灏变細鏀跺埌OutOfMemoryError鐨勫紓甯搞€?/p>

1. 鍐呭瓨绠＄悊

Android鏍规嵁涓嶅悓鐨勮繘绋嬩紭鍏堢骇锛屽涓嶅悓杩涚▼杩涜鍥炴敹鏉ユ弧瓒冲唴瀛樼殑渚涙眰锛屽彲浠ュ弬鐓ц繖绡囨枃绔?聽Android涓嚎绋嬨€佽繘绋嬩笌缁勪欢鐨勫叧绯?/a>銆?br /> 鍦ㄥ悗鍙拌繘绋嬬殑LRU闃熷垪涓紝闄や簡LRU涓轰富瑕佺殑瑙勫垯浠ュ锛岀郴缁熶篃浼氭牴鎹潃姝讳竴涓悗鍙拌繘绋嬫墍鑾峰緱鐨勫唴瀛樻槸鍚︽洿澶氫綔涓轰竴瀹氱殑鍙傝€冧緷鎹紝鍥犳鍚庡彴杩涚▼涓轰簡淇濇椿锛屽敖閲忓皯鐨勫唴瀛橈紝灏藉彲鑳界殑閲婃斁鍐呭瓨涔熸槸鍗佸垎蹇呰鐨勩€?/p>

• 灏藉彲鑳界殑缂╃煭Service鐨勫瓨娲诲懆鏈燂紙鍙互鑰冭檻鐩存帴浣跨敤鎵ц瀹屼换鍔＄洿鎺ュ叧闂嚜宸辩殑IntentService锛夛紝涔熷氨鏄鍦⊿ervice娌℃湁浠讳綍浠诲姟鐨勬椂鍊欙紝灏藉彲鑳界殑灏嗗叾鍏抽棴锛屼互鍑忓皯绯荤粺璧勬簮鐨勬氮璐广€?/li>
• 鍙互閫氳繃绯荤粺鏈嶅姟ActivityManager涓殑getMemoryClass()鑾风煡褰撳墠璁惧鍏佽姣忎釜搴旂敤澶ф鍙互鏈夊灏戝厗鐨勫唴瀛樹娇鐢?濡傛灉鍦?code>AndroidManifest璁剧疆浜?code>largeHeap=true锛屼娇鐢?code>getLargeMemoryClass()鑾风煡)锛屽苟涓旇搴旂敤涓殑鍐呭瓨濮嬬粓浣庝簬杩欎釜鍊硷紝閬垮厤OOM銆?/li>
• 鐩稿浜庨潤鎬佸父閲忚€岃█锛岄€氬父Enum鏋氫妇闇€瑕佸ぇ浜庝袱鍊嶇殑鍐呭瓨绌洪棿鏉ュ瓨鍌ㄧ浉鍚岀殑鏁版嵁銆?/li>
• Java涓殑姣忎釜class(鎴栬€呭尶鍚嶇被)澶х害鍗犵敤500瀛楄妭銆?/li>
• 姣忎釜瀵硅薄瀹炰緥澶х害寮€閿€12~16瀛楄妭鐨勫唴瀛樸€?/li>

onTrimMemory()鍥炶皟澶勭悊

鐩戝惉onTrimMemory()鐨勫洖璋冿紝鏍规嵁涓嶅悓鐨勫唴瀛樼瓑绾э紝鍋氱浉搴旂殑閲婃斁浠ユ璁╃郴缁熻祫婧愭洿濂界殑鍒╃敤锛屼互鍙婅嚜宸辩殑杩涚▼鍙互鏇村ソ鐨勪繚娲汇€?/p>

TRIM_MEMORY_UI_HIDDEN

褰撳洖璋冨洖鏉ョ殑鏃跺€欙紝璇存槑搴旂敤鐨刄I瀵圭敤鎴蜂笉鍙鐨勶紝姝ゆ椂閲婃斁UI浣跨敤鐨勪竴浜涜祫婧愩€傝繖涓笉鍚屼簬onStop()锛?code>onStop()鐨勫洖璋冿紝鏈夊彲鑳戒粎浠呮槸褰撳墠搴旂敤涓繘鍏ヤ簡鍙﹀涓€涓?code>Activity銆?/p>

2. 閬垮厤鍐呭瓨娉勬紡鐩稿叧

• 鏃犳硶瑙ｅ喅鐨勬硠婕忥紙濡傜郴缁熷簳灞傚紩璧风殑)绉昏嚦鐙珛杩涚▼(濡?.x鏈哄櫒瀛樺湪webview鐨勫唴瀛樻硠婕?
• 澶у浘鐗囪祫婧?鍏ㄥ睆鍥剧墖璧勬簮锛岃涓嶆斁鍦?code>assets涓嬶紝瑕佷笉鏀惧湪nodpi涓嬶紝瑕佷笉閮藉甫锛屽惁鍒欑缉鏀句細甯︽潵棰濆鑰楁椂涓庡唴瀛橀棶棰?/li>
• 4.x鍦?code>AndroidManifest涓厤缃?code>largeHeap=true锛屼竴鑸琩vm heep鏈€澶у€煎彲澧炲ぇ50%浠ヤ笂銆備絾鏄病鏈夌壒娈婃槑纭殑闇€瑕侊紝灏藉彲鑳界殑閬垮厤杩欐牱璁剧疆锛屽洜涓鸿繖鏍蜂竴鏉ュ緢鍙兘闅愯棌浜嗘秷鑰椾簡瀹屽叏娌℃湁蹇呰鐨勫唴瀛樼殑闂銆?/li>
• 鍦?code>Activity#onDestory浠ュ悗锛岄亶鍘嗘墍鏈塚iew锛屽共鎺夋墍鏈塚iew鍙兘鐨勫紩鐢?閫氬父娉勬紡涓€涓狝ctivity锛岃繛甯︽硠婕忓叾涓婄殑View锛岀劧鍚庡氨娉勬紡浜嗗ぇ浜庡叏灞忓浘鐗囩殑鍐呭瓨)銆?/li>
• 涓囬噾娌? 闈欐€佸寲鍐呴儴绫伙紝浣跨敤WeakReference寮曠敤澶栭儴绫伙紝闃叉鍐呴儴绫婚暱鏈熷瓨鍦紝娉勬紡浜嗗閮ㄧ被鐨勯棶棰樸€?/li>

3. 鍥剧墖

Android 2.3.x鎴栨洿浣庣増鏈殑璁惧锛屾槸灏嗘墍鏈夌殑Bitmap瀵硅薄瀛樺偍鍦╪ative heap锛屽洜姝ゆ垜浠緢闅鹃€氳繃宸ュ叿鍘绘娴嬪叾鍐呭瓨澶у皬锛屽湪Android 3.0鎴栨洿楂樼増鏈殑璁惧锛屽凡缁忚皟鏁翠负瀛樺偍鍒颁簡姣忎釜搴旂敤鑷韩鐨凞alvik heap涓簡銆?/p>

• 鍏ㄥ眬缁熶竴BitmapFactory#decode鍑哄彛锛屾崟鑾锋澶刣ecode oom锛屾帶鍒堕暱瀹斤紙灏忎簬灞忓箷鍒嗚鲸鐜囧ぇ灏?锛?/li>
• 濡傛灉閲囩敤RGB_8888 oom浜嗭紝灏濊瘯RGB_565(鐩告瘮鍐呭瓨灏忎竴鍗婁互涓?wh2(bytes)))
• 濡傛灉杩樿€冭檻2.x鏈哄櫒鐨勮瘽锛岃缃?code>BitmapFactory#options鐨?code>InNativeAlloc鍙傛暟涓簍rue锛屾鏃禿ecode鐨勫唴瀛樹笉浼氫笂鎶ュ埌dvm涓紝渚夸笉浼歰om銆?/li>
• 寤鸿閲囩敤lingochamp/QiniuImageLoader鐨勬柟寮忥紝鎵€鏈夊浘鐗囩殑鎿嶄綔閮芥斁鍒颁簯绔鐞嗭紝鏈湴榛樿浣跨敤Webp锛屽苟涓旇幏鍙栫殑姣忎釜浣嶇疆鐨勫浘鐗囷紝灏介噺閫氳繃绮剧‘鐨勫ぇ灏忔寜闇€鑾峰彇锛岄伩鍏嶅唴瀛樻病蹇呰鐨勬秷鑰椼€?/li>

IX. 绾跨▼

• 閲囩敤鍏ㄥ眬绾跨▼姹犵鐞嗕綋绯伙紝鏈夋晥閬垮厤閲庣嚎绋嬨€傚彲鍙傜収聽ThreadDebugger-demo/DemoThreadPoolCentral.java
• 缁撳悎鍏ㄥ眬绾跨▼姹犵鐞嗕綋绯伙紝浣跨敤ThreadDebugger鐩戞帶绾跨▼锛岄伩鍏嶇嚎绋嬫硠婕忕殑瀛樺湪銆?/li>

360鎵嬫満鍗＋ Android寮€鍙?InfoQ瑙嗛 鎬荤粨

杩唬杩囩▼涓紝瀵瑰叧閿?code>Activity浠ュ強Application瀵规墦寮€鐨勮€楁椂杩涜缁熻锛岃瀵熷叾鍙樺寲锛岄伩鍏嶅洜涓鸿凯浠ｅ鑷存煇浜涢〉闈㈤潪棰勬湡鐨勬墦寮€鍙樻參銆?/li>

XI. 宸ュ叿

• TraceView鍙互鏈夋晥鐨勬洿閲嶄竴娈垫椂闂村唴鍝釜鏂规硶鏈€鑰楁椂锛屼絾鏄渶瑕佹敞鎰忕殑鏄洰鍓峊raceView鍦ㄥ綍鍒惰繃涓紝浼氬叧闂璊IT锛屽洜姝や篃璁告湁浜汮IT鐨勪紭鍖栧湪TraceView杩囩▼琚拷鐣ヤ簡銆?/li>
• Systrace鍙互鏈夋晥鐨勫垎鏋愭帀甯х殑鍘熷洜銆?/li>
• HierarchyViewer鍙互鏈夋晥鐨勫垎鏋怴iew灞傜骇浠ュ強甯冨眬姣忎釜鑺傜偣measure銆?code>layout銆?code>draw鐨勮€楁椂銆?/li>

XII. 鍏朵粬

• final鑳界敤灏辩敤锛堥珮鏁? 缂栬瘧鍣ㄥ湪璋冪敤final鏂规硶鏃讹紝浼氳浆鍏ュ唴宓屾満鍒讹級
• 鎳掗鍔犺浇锛屽绠€鍗曠殑ListView銆?code>RecyclerView绛夋粦鍔ㄥ垪琛ㄦ帶浠讹紝鍋滅暀鍦ㄥ綋鍓嶉〉闈㈢殑鏃跺€欙紝鍙互鑰冭檻鐩存帴棰勫姞杞戒笅涓〉闈㈡墍闇€鍥剧墖
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