JSch基本使用，JSch使用
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JSch基本使用，JSch使用
JSch 是SSH2的一个纯Java实现。它允许你连接到一个sshd 服务器，使用端口转发，X11转发，文件传输等等。你可以将它的功能集成到你自己的 程序中。同时该项目也提供一个J2ME版本用来在手机上直连SSHD服务器。
官网:http://www.jcraft.com/jsch/中有很多例子http://www.jcraft.com/jsch/examples/，这里先采用（已做修改）其中2个来进行简单论述，希望对大家有所帮助。
本文采用的jsch版本是0.1.51. 下载地址：http://sourceforge.net/projects/jsch/files/jsch/0.1.54/jsch-0.1.54.zip/download。
本文采用的Linux操作系统是CentOS6.5.
TIPS: 查看Linux操作系统（内核）版本可以使用：uname -a; uname -r; cat /etc/issue; cat /etc/redhat-release等命令。
第一个例子：采用Java模拟shell操作。
这里涉及到几个参数，会在下面的代码中有所体现：
- USER：所连接的Linux主机登录时的用户名
- PASSWORD：登录密码
- HOST：主机地址
- DEFAULT_SSH_PROT=端口号，默认为22
package com.test.jsch;
/**
* This program enables you to connect to sshd server and get the shell prompt.
* You will be asked username, hostname and passwd.
* If everything works fine, you will get the shell prompt. Output may
* be ugly because of lacks of terminal-emulation, but you can issue commands.
*/
import com.jcraft.jsch.JSch;
import com.jcraft.jsch.Session;
import com.jcraft.jsch.UserInfo;
import com.jcraft.jsch.Channel;
public class Shell{
private static final String USER="root";
private static final String PASSWORD="********";
private static final String HOST="localhost";
private static final int DEFAULT_SSH_PORT=22;
public static void main(String[] arg){
try{
JSch jsch=new JSch();
Session session = jsch.getSession(USER,HOST,DEFAULT_SSH_PORT);
session.setPassword(PASSWORD);
UserInfo userInfo = new UserInfo() {
@Override
public String getPassphrase() {
System.out.println("getPassphrase");
return null;
}
@Override
public String getPassword() {
System.out.println("getPassword");
return null;
}
@Override
public boolean promptPassword(String s) {
System.out.println("promptPassword:"+s);
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean promptPassphrase(String s) {
System.out.println("promptPassphrase:"+s);
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean promptYesNo(String s) {
System.out.println("promptYesNo:"+s);
return true;//notice here!
}
@Override
public void showMessage(String s) {
System.out.println("showMessage:"+s);
}
};
session.setUserInfo(userInfo);
// It must not be recommended, but if you want to skip host-key check,
// invoke following,
// session.setConfig("StrictHostKeyChecking", "no");
//session.connect();
session.connect(30000); // making a connection with timeout.
Channel channel=session.openChannel("shell");
// Enable agent-forwarding.
//((ChannelShell)channel).setAgentForwarding(true);
channel.setInputStream(System.in);
/*
// a hack for MS-DOS prompt on Windows.
channel.setInputStream(new FilterInputStream(System.in){
public int read(byte[] b, int off, int len)throws IOException{
return in.read(b, off, (len>1024?1024:len));
}
});
*/
channel.setOutputStream(System.out);
/*
// Choose the pty-type "vt102".
((ChannelShell)channel).setPtyType("vt102");
*/
/*
// Set environment variable "LANG" as "ja_JP.eucJP".
((ChannelShell)channel).setEnv("LANG", "ja_JP.eucJP");
*/
//channel.connect();
channel.connect(3*1000);
}
catch(Exception e){
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
运行结果：
promptYesNo: The authenticity of host '10.101.139.5' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 59:0f:32:fc:7b:54:3d:90:c0:ef:5a:6b:fb:11:55:e1. Are you sure you want to continue connecting? trueLast login: Thu Sep 29 18:40:56 2016 from 10.101.48.240 [root@hidden ~]#
输入ls查看：
(省略一些....) [root@hidden ~]# ls ls 1.txt install.log.syslog vmware-tools-distrib 模板 文档 桌面 anaconda-ks.cfg logs workspace 视频 下载 install.log util 公共的 图片 音乐 [root@hidden ~]#
这样就和在原linux系统中一样使用shell功能了。
如果需要跳过如下的检测：
The authenticity of host '10.101.139.5' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 59:0f:32:fc:7b:54:3d:90:c0:ef:5a:6b:fb:11:55:e1. Are you sure you want to continue connecting?
只需要在程序中加入相应的代码：
session.setConfig("StrictHostKeyChecking", "no");
运行结果：
Last login: Thu Sep 29 18:39:18 2016 from 10.101.48.240 [root@hidden ~]#
第二个例子：运行一条shell指令，这里就那“ls”做例子好了。
No more talk, show you the code:
package com.test.jsch;
import com.jcraft.jsch.*;
import java.io.*;
public class Exec{
private static final String USER="root";
private static final String PASSWORD="********";
private static final String HOST="localhost";
private static final int DEFAULT_SSH_PORT=22;
public static void main(String[] arg){
try{
JSch jsch=new JSch();
Session session = jsch.getSession(USER,HOST,DEFAULT_SSH_PORT);
session.setPassword(PASSWORD);
// username and password will be given via UserInfo interface.
session.setUserInfo(new MyUserInfo());
session.connect();
String command="ls";
Channel channel=session.openChannel("exec");
((ChannelExec)channel).setCommand(command);
// X Forwarding
// channel.setXForwarding(true);
//channel.setInputStream(System.in);
channel.setInputStream(null);
//channel.setOutputStream(System.out);
//FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream("/tmp/stderr");
//((ChannelExec)channel).setErrStream(fos);
((ChannelExec)channel).setErrStream(System.err);
InputStream in=channel.getInputStream();
channel.connect();
byte[] tmp=new byte[1024];
while(true){
while(in.available()>0){
int i=in.read(tmp, 0, 1024);
if(i<0)break;
System.out.print(new String(tmp, 0, i));
}
if(channel.isClosed()){
if(in.available()>0) continue;
System.out.println("exit-status: "+channel.getExitStatus());
break;
}
try{Thread.sleep(1000);}catch(Exception ee){}
}
channel.disconnect();
session.disconnect();
}
catch(Exception e){
System.out.println(e);
}
}
private static class MyUserInfo implements UserInfo{
@Override
public String getPassphrase() {
System.out.println("getPassphrase");
return null;
}
@Override
public String getPassword() {
System.out.println("getPassword");
return null;
}
@Override
public boolean promptPassword(String s) {
System.out.println("promptPassword:"+s);
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean promptPassphrase(String s) {
System.out.println("promptPassphrase:"+s);
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean promptYesNo(String s) {
System.out.println("promptYesNo:"+s);
return true;//notice here!
}
@Override
public void showMessage(String s) {
System.out.println("showMessage:"+s);
}
}
}
运行结果：
promptYesNo:The authenticity of host '10.101.139.5' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 59:0f:32:fc:7b:54:3d:90:c0:ef:5a:6b:fb:11:55:e1. Are you sure you want to continue connecting? 1.txt anaconda-ks.cfg install.log install.log.syslog logs util vmware-tools-distrib workspace 公共的 模板 视频 图片 文档 下载 音乐 桌面 exit-status: 0
第二个例子相比于第一个例子来说将UserInfo采用static class的方式提取出来，这样更直观一点。
JSch是以多线程方式一下，所以代码在connect后如果不disconnect channel和session,以及相关stream, 程序会一直等待，直到关闭。
需要注意的一个问题，相关的Stream和Channel是一定要关闭的，那么应该在什么时候来关？执行connect后，JSch接受客户端结果需要一定的时间（以秒计），如果马上关闭session就会发现什么都没接受到或内容不全。
还有一点注意，使用shell时，看到执行后没有结果，解决办法是在命令行后加上”\n”字符，server端就认为是一条完整的命令了。
最后将第一个和第二个例子合并，并提取一些公用模块，以便更好的理解和使用：
package com.test.jsch;
import com.jcraft.jsch.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import static java.lang.String.format;
/**
* Created by hidden on 2016/9/29.
*/
public class SSHExecutor {
private static long INTERVAL = 100L;
private static int SESSION_TIMEOUT = 30000;
private static int CHANNEL_TIMEOUT = 3000;
private JSch jsch = null;
private Session session = null;
private SSHExecutor(SSHInfo sshInfo) throws JSchException {
jsch =new JSch();
session = jsch.getSession(sshInfo.getUser(),sshInfo.getHost(),sshInfo.getPort());
session.setPassword(sshInfo.getPassword());
session.setUserInfo(new MyUserInfo());
session.connect(SESSION_TIMEOUT);
}
/*
* 在这里修改访问入口,当然可以把这个方法弄到SSHExecutor外面，这里是方便操作才这么做的
* */
public static SSHExecutor newInstance() throws JSchException {
SSHInfo sshInfo = new SSHInfo("root","******","locahost",22);
return new SSHExecutor(sshInfo);
}
/*
* 注意编码转换
* */
public long shell(String cmd, String outputFileName) throws JSchException, IOException, InterruptedException {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
Channel channel = session.openChannel("shell");
PipedInputStream pipeIn = new PipedInputStream();
PipedOutputStream pipeOut = new PipedOutputStream( pipeIn );
FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream( outputFileName, true);
channel.setInputStream(pipeIn);
channel.setOutputStream(fileOut);
channel.connect(CHANNEL_TIMEOUT);
pipeOut.write(cmd.getBytes());
Thread.sleep( INTERVAL );
pipeOut.close();
pipeIn.close();
fileOut.close();
channel.disconnect();
return System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
}
public int exec(String cmd) throws IOException, JSchException, InterruptedException {
ChannelExec channelExec = (ChannelExec)session.openChannel( "exec" );
channelExec.setCommand( cmd );
channelExec.setInputStream( null );
channelExec.setErrStream( System.err );
InputStream in = channelExec.getInputStream();
channelExec.connect();
int res = -1;
StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer( 1024 );
byte[] tmp = new byte[ 1024 ];
while ( true ) {
while ( in.available() > 0 ) {
int i = in.read( tmp, 0, 1024 );
if ( i < 0 ) break;
buf.append( new String( tmp, 0, i ) );
}
if ( channelExec.isClosed() ) {
res = channelExec.getExitStatus();
System.out.println( format( "Exit-status: %d", res ) );
break;
}
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(100);
}
System.out.println( buf.toString() );
channelExec.disconnect();
return res;
}
public Session getSession(){
return session;
}
public void close(){
getSession().disconnect();
}
/*
* SSH连接信息
* */
public static class SSHInfo{
private String user;
private String password;
private String host;
private int port;
public SSHInfo(String user, String password, String host, int port) {
this.user = user;
this.password = password;
this.host = host;
this.port = port;
}
public String getUser() {
return user;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public String getHost() {
return host;
}
public int getPort() {
return port;
}
}
/*
* 自定义UserInfo
* */
private static class MyUserInfo implements UserInfo{
@Override public String getPassphrase() { return null; }
@Override public String getPassword() { return null; }
@Override public boolean promptPassword(String s) { return false; }
@Override public boolean promptPassphrase(String s) { return false; }
@Override
public boolean promptYesNo(String s) {
System.out.println(s);
System.out.println("true");
return true;
}
@Override public void showMessage(String s) { }
}
}
测试代码：
SSHExecutor ssh = SSHExecutor.newInstance();
System.out.println("================");
long shell1 = ssh.shell("ls\n","C:\\Users\\hidden\\Desktop\\shell.txt");
long shell2 = ssh.shell("pwd\n","C:\\Users\\hidden\\Desktop\\shell.txt");
System.out.println("shell 1 执行了"+shell1+"ms");
System.out.println("shell 2 执行了"+shell2+"ms");
System.out.println("================");
int cmd1 = ssh.exec("ls\n");
ssh.close();
测试结果：
The authenticity of host '10.101.139.5' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 59:0f:32:fc:7b:54:3d:90:c0:ef:5a:6b:fb:11:55:e1. Are you sure you want to continue connecting? true ================ shell 1 执行了142ms shell 2 执行了132ms ================ Exit-status: 0 1.txt anaconda-ks.cfg install.log install.log.syslog logs util vmware-tools-distrib workspace 公共的 模板 视频 图片 文档 下载 音乐 桌面
还有解释查看一下左边是否有个shell.txt以及shell.txt是否有相应的内容。
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