如何设计实现一个LRU Cache?,设计实现lrucache
如何设计实现一个LRU Cache?,设计实现lrucache
1. 什么是LRU Cache?
之前,在LeetCode上看到一个LRU Cache实现的题目,题目描述是这样的:
Design and implement a data structure for Least Recently Used (LRU) cache. It should support the following operations: get and set.
get(key) - Get the value (will always be positive) of the key if the key exists in the cache, otherwise return -1.
set(key, value) - Set or insert the value if the key is not already present. When the cache reached its capacity, it should invalidate the least recently used item before inserting a new item.
简单的说,就是保证基本的get和set的功能的同时,还要保证最近访问(get或put)的节点保持在限定容量的Cache中,如果超过容量则应该把LRU(近期最少使用)的节点删除掉。
那么我们思考一个问题:如何设计实现一个LRU Cache?
那么,我们可能需要使用类似这样的数据结构去实现这个LRU Cache:
这不就是LinkedHashMap吗!
这样做的好处是,get
和set
在不冲突的情况下可以保证O(1)的复杂度,同时,也可以通过双向链表来保证LRU的删除
和更新
操作也能保证O(1)的复杂度。
2.实现思路
在学习了HashMap(#7 )和LinkedHashMap(#8 )后,是不是觉得这俩数据结构简直太适合做LRU Cache了!那么动手实现一下:
基于HashMap和双向链表的实现
public class LRUCache { class Node { Node pre; Node next; Integer key; Integer val; Node(Integer k, Integer v) { key = k; val = v; } } Map<Integer, Node> map = new HashMap<Integer, Node>(); // The head (eldest) of the doubly linked list. Node head; // The tail (youngest) of the doubly linked list. Node tail; int cap; public LRUCache(int capacity) { cap = capacity; head = new Node(null, null); tail = new Node(null, null); head.next = tail; tail.pre = head; } public int get(int key) { Node n = map.get(key); if(n!=null) { n.pre.next = n.next; n.next.pre = n.pre; appendTail(n); return n.val; } return -1; } public void set(int key, int value) { Node n = map.get(key); // existed if(n!=null) { n.val = value; map.put(key, n); n.pre.next = n.next; n.next.pre = n.pre; appendTail(n); return; } // else { if(map.size() == cap) { Node tmp = head.next; head.next = head.next.next; head.next.pre = head; map.remove(tmp.key); } n = new Node(key, value); // youngest node append taill appendTail(n); map.put(key, n); } private void appendTail(Node n) { n.next = tail; n.pre = tail.pre; tail.pre.next = n; tail.pre = n; } }
基于LinkedHashMap的实现
HashMap+双向链表?这不就是LinkedHashMap吗!
public class LRUCache { private int capacity; private Map<Integer, Integer> cache; public LRUCache(int capacity) { this.capacity = capacity; this.cache = new java.util.LinkedHashMap<Integer, Integer> (capacity, 0.75f, true) { // 定义put后的移除规则,大于容量就删除eldest protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> eldest) { return size() > capacity; } }; } public int get(int key) { if (cache.containsKey(key)) { return cache.get(key); } else return -1; } public void set(int key, int value) { cache.put(key, value); } }
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