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Spring 异步接口返回结果的四种方式,

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Spring 异步接口返回结果的四种方式,


目录
  • 1. 需求
  • 2. 解决方案
    • 2.1 @Async
    • 2.2 TaskExecutor
    • 2.3 Future
    • 2.4 @EventListener
  • 3. 总结

    1. 需求

    开发中我们经常遇到异步接口需要执行一些耗时的操作,并且接口要有返回结果。

    使用场景:用户绑定邮箱、手机号,将邮箱、手机号保存入库后发送邮件或短信通知
    接口要求:数据入库后给前台返回成功通知,后台异步执行发邮件、短信通知操作

    一般的话在企业中会借用消息队列来实现发送,业务量大的话有一个统一消费、管理的地方。但有时项目中没有引用mq相关组件,这时为了实现一个功能去引用、维护一个消息组件有点大材小用,下面介绍几种不引用消息队列情况下的解决方式

    定义线程池:

    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.core.task.TaskExecutor;
    import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
    import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
    import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
    /**
     * @description: 公共配置
     * @author: yh
     * @date: 2022/8/26
     */
    @EnableAsync
    @Configuration
    public class CommonConfig {
        @Bean
        public TaskExecutor taskExecutor() {
            ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
    
            // 设置核心线程数
            executor.setCorePoolSize(50);
            // 设置最大线程数
            executor.setMaxPoolSize(200);
            // 设置队列容量
            executor.setQueueCapacity(200);
            // 设置线程活跃时间(秒)
            executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(800);
            // 设置默认线程名称
            executor.setThreadNamePrefix("task-");
            // 设置拒绝策略
            executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
            // 等待所有任务结束后再关闭线程池
            executor.setWaitForTasksToCompleteOnShutdown(true);
            return executor;
        }
    }

    2. 解决方案

    2.1 @Async

    定义异步任务,如发送邮件、短信等

    @Service
    public class ExampleServiceImpl implements ExampleService {
        @Async("taskExecutor")
        @Override
        public void sendMail(String email) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(3000);
                System.out.println("异步任务执行完成, " + email + " 当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
    }

    Controller

    @RequestMapping(value = "/api")
    @RestController
    public class ExampleController {
        @Resource
        private ExampleService exampleService;
    
        @RequestMapping(value = "/bind",method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public String bind(@RequestParam("email") String email) {
            long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            try {
                // 绑定邮箱....业务
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
            //模拟异步任务(发邮件通知、短信等)
            exampleService.sendMail(email);
    
            long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.println("方法执行完成返回,耗时:" + (endTime - startTime));
            return "ok";
        }
    }

    运行结果:

    2.2 TaskExecutor

    @RequestMapping(value = "/api")
    @RestController
    public class ExampleController {
        @Resource
        private ExampleService exampleService;
        @Resource
        private TaskExecutor taskExecutor;
    
        @RequestMapping(value = "/bind", method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public String bind(@RequestParam("email") String email) {
            long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            try {
                // 绑定邮箱....业务
                Thread.sleep(2000);
    
                // 将发送邮件交给线程池去执行
                taskExecutor.execute(() -> {
                    exampleService.sendMail(email);
                });
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
    
            long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.println("方法执行完成返回,耗时:" + (endTime - startTime));
            return "ok";
        }
    }

    运行结果:

    2.3 Future

    首先去掉Service方法中的@Async("taskExecutor"),此时执行就会变成同步,总计需要5s才能完成接口返回。这次我们使用jdk1.8中的CompletableFuture来实现异步任务

    @RequestMapping(value = "/api")
    @RestController
    public class ExampleController {
        @Resource
        private ExampleService exampleService;
        @Resource
        private TaskExecutor taskExecutor;
    
        @RequestMapping(value = "/bind", method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public String bind(@RequestParam("email") String email) {
            long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            try {
                // 绑定邮箱....业务
                Thread.sleep(2000);
    
                // 将发送邮件交给异步任务Future,需要记录返回值用supplyAsync
                CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
                    exampleService.sendMail(email);
                }, taskExecutor);
    
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
    
            long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.println("方法执行完成返回,耗时:" + (endTime - startTime));
            return "ok";
        }
    }

    运行结果:

    2.4 @EventListener

    Spring为我们提供的一个事件监听、订阅的实现,内部实现原理是观察者设计模式;为的就是业务系统逻辑的解耦,提高可扩展性以及可维护性。事件发布者并不需要考虑谁去监听,监听具体的实现内容是什么,发布者的工作只是为了发布事件而已。

    2.4.1 定义event事件模型

    public class NoticeEvent extends ApplicationEvent {
        private String email;
        private String phone;
        public NoticeEvent(Object source, String email, String phone) {
            super(source);
            this.email = email;
            this.phone = phone;
        }
        public String getEmail() {
            return email;
        }
        public void setEmail(String email) {
            this.email = email;
        }
        public String getPhone() {
            return phone;
        }
        public void setPhone(String phone) {
            this.phone = phone;
        }
    }

    2.4.2 事件监听

    @Component
    public class ComplaintEventListener {
    
        /**
         * 只监听NoticeEvent事件
         * @author: yh
         * @date: 2022/8/27
         */
        @Async
        @EventListener(value = NoticeEvent.class)
    //    @Order(1) 指定事件执行顺序
        public void sendEmail(NoticeEvent noticeEvent) {
            //发邮件
            try {
                Thread.sleep(3000);
                System.out.println("发送邮件任务执行完成, " + noticeEvent.getEmail() + " 当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
    
        @Async
        @EventListener(value = NoticeEvent.class)
    //    @Order(2) 指定事件执行顺序
        public void sendMsg(NoticeEvent noticeEvent) {
            //发短信
            try {
                Thread.sleep(3000);
                System.out.println("发送短信步任务执行完成, " + noticeEvent.getPhone() + " 当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
    }

    2.4.5 事件发布

    @RequestMapping(value = "/api")
    @RestController
    public class ExampleController {
        /**
         * 用于事件推送
         * @author:  yh
         * @date:  2022/8/27
         */
        @Autowired
        private ApplicationEventPublisher applicationEventPublisher;
    
        @RequestMapping(value = "/bind", method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public String bind(@RequestParam("email") String email) {
            long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            try {
                // 绑定邮箱....业务
                Thread.sleep(2000);
    
                // 发布事件,这里偷个懒手机号写死
                applicationEventPublisher.publishEvent(new NoticeEvent(this, email, "13211112222"));
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
            long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.println("方法执行完成返回,耗时:" + (endTime - startTime));
            return "ok";
        }
    }

    运行结果:

    3. 总结

    通过@Async、子线程、Future异步任务、Spring自带ApplicationEvent事件监听都可以完成以上描述的需求。

    到此这篇关于Spring 异步接口返回结果的四种方式的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Spring 异步接口内容请搜索3672js教程以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持3672js教程!

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