Java多线程:深入ThreadLocal,多线程threadlocal,ThreadLocal与
Java多线程:深入ThreadLocal,多线程threadlocal,ThreadLocal与
ThreadLocal与线程成员变量还有区别,ThreadLocal该类提供了线程局部变量。这个局部变量与一般的成员变量不一样,ThreadLocal的变量在被多个线程使用时候,每个线程只能拿到该变量的一个副本,这是Java API中的描述,通过阅读API源码,发现并非副本,副本什么概念?克隆品? 或者是别的样子,太模糊。
准确的说,应该是ThreadLocal类型的变量内部的注册表(Map<Thread,T>)发生了变化,但ThreadLocal类型的变量本身的确是一个,这才是本质!
下面就做个例子:
一、ThreadLocal标准例子
定义了MyThreadLocal类,创建它的一个对象tlt,分别给四个线程使用,结果四个线程tlt变量并没有出现共用现象,二是各用各的,这说明,四个线程使用的是tlt的副本(克隆品)。
/** * 使用了ThreadLocal的类 * * @author leizhimin 2010-1-5 10:35:27 */ public class MyThreadLocal { //定义了一个ThreadLocal变量,用来保存int或Integer数据 private ThreadLocal<Integer> tl = new ThreadLocal<Integer>() { @Override protected Integer initialValue() { return 0; } }; public Integer getNextNum() { //将tl的值获取后加1,并更新设置t1的值 tl.set(tl.get() + 1); return tl.get(); } }/** * 测试线程 * * @author leizhimin 2010-1-5 10:39:18 */ public class TestThread extends Thread { private MyThreadLocal tlt = new MyThreadLocal(); public TestThread(MyThreadLocal tlt) { this.tlt = tlt; } @Override public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + tlt.getNextNum()); } } }/** * ThreadLocal测试 * * @author leizhimin 2010-1-5 10:43:48 */ public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { MyThreadLocal tlt = new MyThreadLocal(); Thread t1 = new TestThread(tlt); Thread t2 = new TestThread(tlt); Thread t3 = new TestThread(tlt); Thread t4 = new TestThread(tlt); t1.start(); t2.start(); t3.start(); t4.start(); } }
可以看出,三个线程各自独立编号,互不影响:
Thread-0 1 Thread-1 1 Thread-0 2 Thread-1 2 Thread-0 3 Thread-1 3 Thread-2 1 Thread-3 1 Thread-2 2 Thread-3 2 Thread-2 3 Thread-3 3 Process finished with exit code 0
tlt对象是一个,废话tl对象也是一个,因为组合关系是一对一的。但是tl对象内部的Map随着线程的增多,会创建很多Integer对象。只是Integer和int已经通用了。所以感觉不到Integer的对象属性。
二、不用ThreadLocal
假如不用ThreadLocal,只需要将MyThreadLocal类重新定义为:
/** * 使用了ThreadLocal的类 * * @author leizhimin 2010-1-5 10:35:27 */ public class MyThreadLocal { private Integer t1 = 0; public Integer getNextNum(){ return t1=t1+1; } // //定义了一个ThreadLocal变量,用来保存int或Integer数据 // private ThreadLocal<Integer> tl = new ThreadLocal<Integer>() { // @Override // protected Integer initialValue() { // return 0; // } // }; // // public Integer getNextNum() { // //将tl的值获取后加1,并更新设置t1的值 // tl.set(tl.get() + 1); // return tl.get(); // } }然后运行测试:Thread-2 1 Thread-2 2 Thread-1 4 Thread-1 6 Thread-3 3 Thread-3 9 Thread-3 10 Thread-1 8 Thread-0 7 Thread-0 11 Thread-0 12 Thread-2 5 Process finished with exit code 0
从这里可以看出,四个线程共享了tlt变量,结果每个线程都直接修改tlt的属性。
三、自己实现个ThreadLocal
package cn.outofmemory.test2; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; /** * 使用了ThreadLocal的类 * * @author leizhimin 2010-1-5 10:35:27 */ public class MyThreadLocal { //定义了一个ThreadLocal变量,用来保存int或Integer数据 private cn.outofmemory.test2.ThreadLocal<Integer> tl = new cn.outofmemory.test2.ThreadLocal<Integer>() { @Override protected Integer initialValue() { return 0; } }; public Integer getNextNum() { //将tl的值获取后加1,并更新设置t1的值 tl.set(tl.get() + 1); return tl.get(); } } class ThreadLocal<T> { private Map<Thread, T> map = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<Thread, T>()); public ThreadLocal() { } protected T initialValue() { return null; } public T get() { Thread t = Thread.currentThread(); T obj = map.get(t); if (obj == null && !map.containsKey(t)) { obj = initialValue(); map.put(t, obj); } return obj; } public void set(T value) { map.put(Thread.currentThread(), value); } public void remove() { map.remove(Thread.currentThread()); } }
运行测试:
Thread-0 1 Thread-0 2 Thread-0 3 Thread-2 1 Thread-2 2 Thread-3 1 Thread-2 3 Thread-3 2 Thread-1 1 Thread-3 3 Thread-1 2 Thread-1 3 Process finished with exit code 0
很意外,这个山寨版的ThreadLocal也同样运行很好,实现了JavaAPI中ThreadLocal的功能。
四、透过现象看本质
其实从程序角度看,tlt变量的确是一个,毫无疑问的。但是为什么打印出来的数字就互不影响呢?
是因为使用了Integer吗?-----不是。
原因是:protected T initialValue()和get(),因为每个线程在调用get()时候,发现Map中不存在就创建。调用它的时候,就创建了一个新变量,类型为T。每次都新建,当然各用个的互不影响了。
为了看清本质,将Integer换掉,重写部分类:
package cn.outofmemory.test2; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; /** * 使用了ThreadLocal的类 * * @author leizhimin 2010-1-5 10:35:27 */ public class MyThreadLocal { //定义了一个ThreadLocal变量,用来保存int或Integer数据 // private ThreadLocal<Bean> tl = new ThreadLocal<Bean>() { private cn.outofmemory.test2.ThreadLocal<Bean> tl = new cn.outofmemory.test2.ThreadLocal<Bean>() { @Override protected Bean initialValue() { return new Bean(); } }; @Override public String toString() { return "MyThreadLocal{" + "tl=" + tl + '}'; } public Bean getBean() { return tl.get(); } }
class ThreadLocal<T> { private Map<Thread, T> map = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<Thread, T>()); public ThreadLocal() { } protected T initialValue() { return null; } public T get() { Thread t = Thread.currentThread(); T obj = map.get(t); if (obj == null && !map.containsKey(t)) { obj = initialValue(); map.put(t, obj); } return obj; } public void set(T value) { map.put(Thread.currentThread(), value); } public void remove() { map.remove(Thread.currentThread()); } }
package cn.outofmemory.test2; /** * 测试Bean * * @author leizhimin 2010-1-5 14:18:26 */ public class Bean { private String id = "0"; private String name = "none"; public Bean() { } public Bean(String id, String name) { this.id = id; this.name = name; } public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String showinfo() { return "Bean{" + "id='" + id + '\'' + ", name='" + name + '\'' + '}'; } }
package cn.outofmemory.test2; /** * 测试线程 * * @author leizhimin 2010-1-5 10:39:18 */ public class TestThread extends Thread { private MyThreadLocal tlt = new MyThreadLocal(); public TestThread(MyThreadLocal tlt) { this.tlt = tlt; } @Override public void run() { System.out.println(">>>>>:" + tlt); for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" +tlt.getBean()+"\t"+tlt.getBean().showinfo()); } } }
然后运行测试:
>>>>>:MyThreadLocal{tl=cn.outofmemory.test2.MyThreadLocal$1@1de3f2d} >>>>>:MyThreadLocal{tl=cn.outofmemory.test2.MyThreadLocal$1@1de3f2d} >>>>>:MyThreadLocal{tl=cn.outofmemory.test2.MyThreadLocal$1@1de3f2d} >>>>>:MyThreadLocal{tl=cn.outofmemory.test2.MyThreadLocal$1@1de3f2d} Thread-1 cn.outofmemory.test2.Bean@291aff Bean{id='0', name='none'} Thread-2 cn.outofmemory.test2.Bean@fe64b9 Bean{id='0', name='none'} Thread-3 cn.outofmemory.test2.Bean@186db54 Bean{id='0', name='none'} Thread-2 cn.outofmemory.test2.Bean@fe64b9 Bean{id='0', name='none'} Thread-2 cn.outofmemory.test2.Bean@fe64b9 Bean{id='0', name='none'} Thread-0 cn.outofmemory.test2.Bean@291aff Bean{id='0', name='none'} Thread-3 cn.outofmemory.test2.Bean@186db54 Bean{id='0', name='none'} Thread-3 cn.outofmemory.test2.Bean@186db54 Bean{id='0', name='none'} Thread-1 cn.outofmemory.test2.Bean@291aff Bean{id='0', name='none'} Thread-0 cn.outofmemory.test2.Bean@291aff Bean{id='0', name='none'} Thread-0 cn.outofmemory.test2.Bean@291aff Bean{id='0', name='none'} Thread-1 cn.outofmemory.test2.Bean@291aff Bean{id='0', name='none'} Process finished with exit code 0
从打印结果很清楚的看到,MyThreadLocal的tlt对象的确是一个,tlt对象里的ThreadLocal的tl对象也是一个,但是,将t1t给每个线程用的时候,线程会重新创建Bean对象加入到ThreadLocal的Map中去使用。
本文出自 “熔 岩” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://lavasoft.blog.51cto.com/62575/258459
用户点评